# Tirzepatide References — Tirzepatide Chemical

> Full reference list for Tirzepatide Chemical: peer-reviewed trials, meta-analyses, pharmacokinetics, safety reviews, and FDA documentation cited across all pages, with DOIs and PubMed URLs.

## Full reference list

All citations used across Tirzepatide Chemical, with DOIs and PubMed URLs where available.

## References

[1] Coskun T, et al. LY3298176, a novel dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: From discovery to clinical proof of concept. Mol Metab. 2018;18:3-14. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30473097/
[2] Willard FS, et al. Tirzepatide is an imbalanced and biased dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist. JCI Insight. 2020;5(17):e140532. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32730231/
[3] Frias JP, et al. Tirzepatide versus Semaglutide Once Weekly in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2021;385(6):503-515. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34170647/
[4] Jastreboff AM, et al. Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity. N Engl J Med. 2022;387(3):205-216. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35658024/
[5] Aronne LJ, et al. Tirzepatide as Compared with Semaglutide for the Treatment of Obesity. N Engl J Med. 2025;392(14):1364-1376. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40353578/
[6] Zeng Q, et al. Safety issues of tirzepatide (pancreatitis and gallbladder or biliary disease) in type 2 diabetes and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023;14:1214334. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37908750/
[7] Farzam K, Patel P. Tirzepatide. StatPearls [Internet]. NCBI Bookshelf. 2024. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK585056/
[8] Kaplan LM, et al. Systolic blood pressure reduction with tirzepatide in patients with type 2 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2023;22(1):83. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36964557/
[9] Eli Lilly and Company. A Study of Tirzepatide (LY3298176) Compared With Dulaglutide on Major Cardiovascular Events in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes (SURPASS-CVOT). ClinicalTrials.gov. 2020. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04255433
[10] Kanbay M, et al. Effect of tirzepatide on blood pressure and lipids: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2023;25(12):3766-3774. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37700437/
[11] Vadher K, et al. Effects of Tirzepatide Versus Basal Insulins in People With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2024;47(5):868-876. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38530948/
[12] Loomba R, et al. Tirzepatide for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis with Liver Fibrosis. N Engl J Med. 2024;391(4):296-306. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
[13] Nissen SE, et al. Cardiorenal Outcomes With Tirzepatide Compared With Dulaglutide in Patients With Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: A Post Hoc Analysis of the SURPASS-CVOT Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Cardiol. 2026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41903177/
[14] Krüger N, et al. Cardiovascular outcomes of semaglutide and tirzepatide for patients with type 2 diabetes in clinical practice. Nat Med. 2026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41207920/
[15] Malhotra A, et al. Tirzepatide for the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Obesity. N Engl J Med. 2024;391(13):1193-1205. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
[16] Packer M, et al. Tirzepatide for Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and Obesity. N Engl J Med. 2025;392(5):427-437. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
[17] Mishra R, et al. Tirzepatide-Induced Gastrointestinal Manifestations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cureus. 2023;15(10):e46091. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
[18] Aronne LJ, et al. Continued Treatment With Tirzepatide for Maintenance of Weight Reduction in Adults With Obesity: The SURMOUNT-4 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2024;331(1):38-48. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
[19] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Tirzepatide injection prescribing information (FDA label, type 2 diabetes). 2022. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2022/215866s000lbl.pdf
[20] Zhang Z, et al. Tirzepatide safety in type 2 diabetes: a disproportionality analysis of the FAERS database. Endocr Connect. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
[21] Gong J, et al. Risk of biliary diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes or obesity treated with tirzepatide. J Diabetes Investig. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
[22] Nassar M, et al. Decreased risk of recurrent acute pancreatitis with semaglutide and tirzepatide. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2024. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
[23] Jalleh RJ, et al. Clinical Consequences of Delayed Gastric Emptying With GLP-1 Receptor Agonists — Relevance to the Peri-Procedural Setting. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2024. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
[24] Look M, et al. Body composition changes during weight reduction with tirzepatide in type 2 diabetes and obesity. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
[25] Urva S, et al. The novel dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist tirzepatide transiently delays gastric emptying similarly to selective long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2020;22(10):1886-1891. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
[26] Kunutsor SK, et al. Safety and Tolerability of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists: A State-of-the-Art Review. Drugs. 2026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
[27] Locatelli JC, et al. Incretin-Based Weight Loss Pharmacotherapy: Can Resistance Exercise Optimize Changes in Body Composition? Diabetes Care. 2024;47(3):e20-e22. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
[28] Horn DB, et al. Cardiometabolic Parameter Change by Weight Regain on Tirzepatide Withdrawal. JAMA Intern Med. 2026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
[29] Qazi S, et al. Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Tirzepatide Versus Dulaglutide in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes or Obesity. Healthcare (Basel). 2026;14(7):850. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
[30] et al. Hair Loss Associated With Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Receptor Agonists. Cureus. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
[31] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA approval for chronic weight management (tirzepatide) — press announcement. 2023. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-approvals-and-databases/fda-approves-new-medication-chronic-weight-management
[32] Campbell JE, et al. GIPR/GLP-1R dual agonist therapies for diabetes and weight loss — chemistry, physiology, and clinical applications. Cell Metab. 2023;38(1):12-28. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
[33] Rasouli N, et al. Tirzepatide for Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes and Without Obesity: A Post Hoc Analysis. Diabetes Ther. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
[34] Galindo RJ, et al. Weight Changes With Tirzepatide and Concomitant Weight-Inducing Medications: Post Hoc Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. JAMA Netw Open. 2026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41885866/
[35] Yin Y, et al. Tirzepatide monotherapy in Chinese patients with early type 2 diabetes: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial (SURPASS-CN-MONO). Med. 2026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42296968/

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The chemistry and trial record of a dual-receptor agonist, read independently — no clinic, no product, no prescription.